The aptamer, known as a chemical antibody, has proven to be of high diagnostic and therapeutic value with the FDA’s first aptamer drug in 2004 and many aptamers under clinical validation. However, the clinical translation of aptamer for therapeutics has been delayed because of the limitation of using the target model during selection and a lack of information on several crucial factors, including their inherent physicochemical characterization and safety, and the function. Three-dimensional (3D) structure tissue provides proof of in-depth functionality due to their maturity and 3D complexity, enabling them to get information on the natural structure of the target for human treatment. The organ-on-a-chip integrates microfluidic technology with 3D cell culture that possesses in vivo-like tissue-based models that have been engineered for validation to transform the commercial drug discovery. Thus, the organ-on-a-chip may offer a promising solution for the addressed problems, enhancing the clinical translation procedure for aptamer-based therapeutics. Motivated by the advantageous function of the aptamer-based organ-on-a-chip system, we update the current technology to generate aptamers using SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) and confirm the application of aptamers to various long-term treatments. We can also accurately analyze the advantages of organ-on-a-chips and present the necessity of developing aptamer-based organ-on-a-chip systems. In this regard, the aptamer-based organ-on-a-chip is expected to increase the possibility of creating an aptamer as a therapeutic agent by more accurately selecting and verifying the aptamer that affects specific organ treatment.

适体被称为化学抗体，已在2004年FDA的首个适体药物和许多适体的临床验证中被证明具有很高的诊断和治疗价值。然而，由于在选择过程中使用靶标模型的局限性以及缺乏关于几个关键因素的信息（包括其固有的理化特性和安全性以及功能），因此适体的临床翻译已被推迟。三维（3D）结构组织由于其成熟度和3D复杂性而提供了深度功能的证明，从而使它们能够获取有关人类治疗靶标的自然结构的信息。芯片上的器官将微流体技术与3D细胞培养相结合，该细胞培养具有体内类似的基于组织的模型，这些模型经过工程设计可用于验证，以改变商业药物的发现。因此，片上器官可以为解决的问题提供有希望的解决方案，从而增强基于适体的治疗剂的临床翻译程序。受基于适体的芯片上器官系统的有利功能的启发，我们更新了当前技术，以利用SELEX（通过指数富集的配体系统进化）生成适体，并确认了适体在各种长期治疗中的应用。我们还可以准确地分析芯片上器官的优势，并提出开发基于适体的芯片上器官系统的必要性。在这方面，