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Development of Social Complexity and First Generation States in the Korea-Manchuria Region
Seoul Journal of Korean Studies ( IF 0.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 , DOI: 10.1353/seo.2019.0002
Mark E. Byington

Abstract:Early societies of the Korean peninsula experienced a variety of developmental forms ranging from simple social configurations to state-level organizations, with stark regional variation. Research on the social and political history of the peninsula prior to the tenth century must account for these regional variations, which frustrate attempts to create a general periodization applicable to the entire peninsula. This study advocates an approach that focuses on social development from the simple to the complex, and finally to the state-level organizations, using a variety of analytical indexes and taking into account the strong variability of social structures in different regions of the peninsula. Employing both archaeological and textual data as a basis, a provisional general periodization would first delimit the lithic periods (characterized by uniformity and simple social structures) from the so-called bronze period (in which social complexity begins to appear). The following phase from the third century BC to the third century CE was a period of accelerating social change and of first-generation state formation. Then from the fourth century we see a period of competing first-generation states. With the fall of Silla in 935, subsequent peninsular polities can be understood as regime transitions of nth -generation states, with more sophisticated modes of historiography now providing the mainstream analytical data.

中文翻译:

朝鲜满洲地区社会复杂性和第一代国家的发展

摘要:朝鲜半岛的早期社会经历了从简单的社会配置到国家级组织的多种发展形式,具有明显的地区差异。对 10 世纪之前半岛社会和政治历史的研究必须考虑到这些地区差异,这阻碍了创建适用于整个半岛的一般分期的尝试。本研究主张采用从简单到复杂,最后到国家级组织的社会发展的方法,使用各种分析指标,并考虑到半岛不同地区社会结构的强烈可变性。以考古和文本数据为基础,临时的一般分期首先将石器时期(以统一和简单的社会结构为特征)与所谓的青铜时期(社会复杂性开始出现)划清界线。接下来的公元前三世纪到公元三世纪是社会变革加速和第一代国家形成的时期。然后从第四世纪开始,我们看到了第一代国家相互竞争的时期。随着 935 年新罗的垮台,随后的半岛政体可以被理解为第 n 代国家的政权过渡,现在更复杂的史学模式提供了主流的分析数据。接下来的公元前三世纪到公元三世纪是社会变革加速和第一代国家形成的时期。然后从第四世纪开始,我们看到了第一代国家相互竞争的时期。随着 935 年新罗的垮台,随后的半岛政体可以被理解为第 n 代国家的政权转变,现在更复杂的史学模式提供了主流的分析数据。接下来的公元前三世纪到公元三世纪是社会变革加速和第一代国家形成的时期。然后从第四世纪开始,我们看到了第一代国家相互竞争的时期。随着 935 年新罗的垮台,随后的半岛政体可以被理解为第 n 代国家的政权过渡,现在更复杂的史学模式提供了主流的分析数据。
更新日期:2019-01-01
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