In this article I outline the analogies and the differences in number concept development in prehistoric Europe and in the Near East. Research on Near Eastern recording systems is far more advanced, and it provides us with a good theoretical approach. There are, however, more and more finds in Europe that deserve our attention when looking toward a theory of early number concepts, concepts of measure and mathematics. For archaeologists, there is an obvious requirement that such a theory has to be constructed on a material basis. Therefore in the second part of the text I describe some key finds from Europe that in my opinion allow us, on the one hand, to reference current theoretical approaches and, on the other, to connect theoretical considerations and their material basis.

中文翻译：

---

关于近东和欧洲数字概念发展的几点评论

在本文中，我概述了史前欧洲和近东数字概念发展的类比和差异。近东记录系统的研究要先进得多，它为我们提供了一个很好的理论方法。然而，在研究早期数字概念、度量概念和数学的理论时，欧洲有越来越多的发现值得我们关注。对于考古学家来说，有一个明显的要求是，这种理论必须建立在物质基础上。因此，在本文的第二部分中，我描述了欧洲的一些重要发现，我认为这些发现一方面可以让我们参考当前的理论方法，另一方面可以将理论考虑及其物质基础联系起来。