The sacred topography of cities throughout the empire was transformed under Augustus. The remodeling of sacred spaces and buildings, the proliferation of sacred images and references to Augustus, and the redefinition of local cults within an imperial system — in effect, the emergence of the imperial cult — all affected provincial centers, where political and divine powers were expressed through art and monumental architecture. The imperial cult was a complex phenomenon, involving an interplay between imperial expectations and local initiatives. It was reinforced through a variety of media, from a new iconography of coinage to a new epigraphy of “monumental writing” across the Mediterranean. The imperial message promised a golden age of peace through divine intervention, cultural rectitude through pietas, and prosperity through the beneficence of the emperor. Colonies founded by Caesar and Augustus in the provinces responded fervently and competitively to the Augustan message, while aiming to enhance their already-considerable imperial favor.

中文翻译：

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布特罗图姆的圣地与朝圣，我：西院与人行道铭文

整个帝国的神圣城市地形在奥古斯都的统治下发生了变化。对神圣空间和建筑的改造、神圣图像的扩散和对奥古斯都的提及，以及在帝国体系内重新定义地方邪教——实际上是帝国邪教的出现——都影响到了政治和神权所在的省级中心。通过艺术和纪念性建筑来表达。皇室崇拜是一个复杂的现象，涉及皇室期望和地方倡议之间的相互作用。它通过各种媒体得到加强，从新的造币图像到横跨地中海的“不朽文字”的新碑文。帝国的讯息承诺，通过神圣的干预，和平的黄金时代，文化正直通过皮塔斯，并通过皇帝的仁慈而繁荣。凯撒和奥古斯都在各省建立的殖民地对奥古斯都的信息做出了热烈而有竞争力的反应，同时旨在提高他们已经相当可观的帝国青睐。