This article discusses the chronology and nature of the earliest Viking activity, based on a group of early burials from Norway containing Insular metalwork. By focusing on the geographical distribution of this material and applying the concept of locational and social knowledge, the importance of establishing cognitive landscapes to facilitate the Viking expansion is highlighted. It is argued that the first recorded Viking attacks were only possible after a phase in which Norse seafarers had acquired the necessarily level ofa priorienvironmental knowledge needed to move in new seascapes and coastal environments. This interaction model opens the possibility that some of the early Insular finds from Norway may represent pre-Lindisfarne exploration voyages, carried out by seafarers along the sailing route of Nordvegr.

中文翻译：

---

最早的维京活动浪潮？重新审视挪威的证据

本文基于一组来自挪威的早期墓葬，其中包含岛屿金属制品，讨论了最早的维京活动的年表和性质。通过关注这种材料的地理分布并应用位置和社会知识的概念，强调了建立认知景观以促进维京人扩张的重要性。有人认为，第一次有记录的维京袭击只有在挪威海员获得必要水平的阶段之后才有可能发生。先验环境知识需要在新的海景和沿海环境中迁移。这种相互作用模型开启了这样一种可能性，即来自挪威的一些早期 Insular 发现可能代表了 Lindisfarne 之前的探险航行，由海员沿着 Nordvegr 的航行路线进行。