475 Pleasingly unexpected, part 2 of Th e Redemption of Narrative focuses on literary journalists and animal rights activists and so enlarges Williams’s critical territory. Although Williams has certainly been linked with these groups, Whitt does a satisfying job of discussing Williams’s aims beside writers with whom she is not commonly aligned. In chapter 5, Whitt compares Williams with literary journalists such as Th eodore Dreiser, Upton Sinclair, Tom Wolfe, and Sara Davidson. Discussing genre as well as social conscience, Whitt is drawn to the evolution of types of writing, noting that Williams, too, “is impatient with literary categories” (201). Th e expanding circles in which Williams is placed are the valuable contributions of chapters 5 and 6. While always associated with environmental activists, Williams is less often linked with animal advocates. First investigating Williams’s concern with animals in the setting of the American West, Whitt subsequently analyzes animal killing in works by Hemingway, Orwell, and Roger Rosenblatt before returning to Williams and the role of animals and animal rights in America, particularly in western American literature. Whitt observes that “all four authors are among those who eff ectively employ animals in complex allegorical frames,” challenging readers to “reconsider the welfare of all living things” (224). Concluding with an interview on a variety of topics, including connections with Transcendentalists, attitudes toward the “borderland” between nonfi ction and fi ction, the afterlife, and early motivations for writing, Whitt also provides a useful bibliography and suggestions for possible research. Th e Redemption of Narrative advances the scholarship on Williams’s work by widening contexts, comparisons, and conversations. Katherine R. Chandler St. Mary’s College of Maryland

中文翻译：

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文学土地主张：Margery Fee 从庞蒂亚克战争到 Attawapiskat 的“印度土地问题”

475 出人意料的是，《叙事的救赎》的第 2 部分侧重于文学记者和动物权利活动家，因此扩大了威廉姆斯的关键领域。尽管威廉姆斯肯定与这些团体有联系，但惠特在与她通常不结盟的作家一起讨论威廉姆斯的目标方面做得令人满意。在第 5 章中，惠特将威廉姆斯与西奥多·德莱塞、厄普顿·辛克莱、汤姆·沃尔夫和萨拉·戴维森等文学记者进行了比较。在讨论体裁和社会良知时，惠特被写作类型的演变所吸引，并指出威廉姆斯也“对文学类别不耐烦”（201）。威廉姆斯所处的不断扩大的圈子是第 5 章和第 6 章的宝贵贡献。威廉姆斯与动物倡导者的联系较少。惠特首先调查了威廉姆斯在美国西部背景下对动物的关注，随后在返回威廉姆斯之前分析了海明威、奥威尔和罗杰罗森布拉特作品中的动物杀戮，以及动物和动物权利在美国的作用，特别是在美国西部文学中。Whitt 观察到“所有四位作者都在复杂的寓言框架中有效地使用动物”，挑战读者“重新考虑所有生物的福利”（224）。最后，惠特就各种主题进行了采访，包括与超验主义者的联系、对非小说和小说之间“边界”的态度、来世和早期写作动机，惠特还为可能的研究提供了有用的参考书目和建议。叙事的救赎通过扩大背景、比较和对话来推进对威廉姆斯作品的研究。Katherine R. Chandler 马里兰州圣玛丽学院