Why is pain bad? The most straightforward theory of pain's badness,dolorism, appeals to the phenomenal quality of displeasure. In spite of its explanatory appeal, the view is too straightforward to capture two central puzzles, namely pain that is enjoyed and pain that is not painful (e.g. pain asymbolia). These cases can be captured byconditionalism, which makes the badness of displeasure conditional on an agent's attitude. But conditionalism fails where dolorism succeeds with explanatory appeal. A new approach is proposed,reverse conditionalism, which maintains the explanatory appeal of dolorism, but gives attitudes a value-defeating role. It is argued that this view does best in fulfilling the desiderata and capturing the cases.

中文翻译：

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痛苦的坏处

为什么疼痛不好？最直截了当的疼痛坏理论，悲观主义，诉诸不悦的非凡品质。尽管它具有解释性的吸引力，但该观点过于直截了当，无法捕捉到两个中心谜题，即享受的痛苦和不痛苦的痛苦（例如疼痛无象征）。这些案例可以通过条件主义，这使得不愉快的坏处取决于代理人的态度。但是，在苦乐主义成功并具有解释性吸引力的地方，条件主义就失败了。提出了一种新的方法，逆条件主义，它保持了悲观主义的解释性吸引力，但赋予了态度以破坏价值的作用。有人认为，这种观点在满足需求和捕捉案例方面做得最好。