This article brings together two Geographical Information Systems (GIS) datasets – building-level land-use data from the 1852–54 Perris Fire Insurance Atlas, and geocoded home addresses from the 1854 city directory – to explore how desirable and undesirable conditions of the built environment accounted for new dynamics of residential separation in mid-nineteenth-century New York. Using spatial analysis, it shows how early forms of residential separation were driven by the desire of elites to create secluded residential neighbourhoods. Further, although stark contrasts delineated the extremes of wealth and poverty, the city's dominant landscape was defined by in-between conditions and subtle variations in built environment and residential distance.

中文翻译：

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近与远的社会地理：19世纪中叶纽约市的建成环境与居住距离

本文汇集了两个地理信息系统 (GIS) 数据集——来自 1852-54 年佩里斯火灾保险地图集的建筑级土地使用数据，以及来自 1854 年城市目录的地理编码家庭地址——以探讨建筑的理想和不理想条件。在 19 世纪中期的纽约，环境是住宅分离的新动力。通过空间分析，它显示了早期的住宅分离形式是如何由精英们创造僻静住宅区的愿望驱动的。此外，虽然鲜明的对比描绘了极端的财富和贫困，但城市的主要景观是由介于两者之间的条件以及建筑环境和居住距离的细微变化定义的。