This article aims to develop a new narrative of changes in the Ottoman timar system independent of the complaints of decline brought by advice writers like Mustafa ‘Ali. Based on the icmal defterleri, it examines the identities of timar-holders and their changes over time, a topic generally ignored in descriptions of the Ottoman military. Using data from earlier studies, it connects changes in timar-holding with changing conditions in the sultans’ reigns. It then takes a longer-term look at these changes over the half-centuries and finds the well-known complaints in the nasihatnameler to be based on a very short-term view of the system.

中文翻译：

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将奥斯曼帝玛体系历史化：14 至 17 世纪帝玛人的身份

本文旨在独立于像穆斯塔法阿里这样的建议作家对衰落的抱怨，对奥斯曼帝玛体系的变化进行新的叙述。它以 icmal defterleri 为基础，考察了帝玛持有者的身份及其随时间的变化，这是一个在描述奥斯曼军队时通常被忽视的话题。使用来自早期研究的数据，它将帝玛控股的变化与苏丹统治时期的变化联系起来。然后，它更长期地审视半个世纪以来的这些变化，并发现 nasihatnameler 中众所周知的抱怨是基于对系统的非常短期的看法。