A form of criminal exploitation rarely mentioned in the academic literature has recently emerged, evolved and taken meaningful hold in the UK. Hundreds of cases of ‘cuckooing’ have been reported, where heroin and crack cocaine dealers associated with the so-called ‘County Lines’ supply methodology have taken over the homes of local residents and created outposts to facilitate their supply operations in satellite locations. Dominant narratives surrounding this practice have stressed its exploitative nature and the vulnerabilities of those involved. Combining qualitative data from two studies, this paper critically analyses the model of cuckooing and the experiences of those affected. In turn it explores the impact of County Lines on affected areas and local populations, a topic that has received little academic scrutiny. Four typologies of cuckooing are constructed, highlighting its variance and complexity. Findings also suggest it to be a growing method of criminal exploitation beyond drug supply with a possible burgeoning presence being realised internationally.

中文翻译：

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“布谷鸟”作为街头毒品市场犯罪剥削形式的可变性和不断发展的性质

学术文献中很少提及的一种犯罪剥削形式最近在英国出现、发展并取得了有意义的进展。据报道，有数百起“布谷鸟”案件，其中与所谓的“县线”供应方法相关的海洛因和快克可卡因经销商接管了当地居民的家，并建立了前哨基地，以促进他们在卫星位置的供应业务。围绕这种做法的主流说法强调了其剥削性质和相关人员的脆弱性。本文结合两项研究的定性数据，批判性地分析了布谷鸟的模型和受影响者的经历。反过来，它探讨了县界线对受影响地区和当地人口的影响，这个话题很少受到学术审查。构建了四种布谷鸟类型，突出了其变异性和复杂性。调查结果还表明，它是一种日益增长的犯罪剥削方法，不仅限于毒品供应，而且可能在国际上迅速出现。