Realism is questioned from two sides, the philosophy of science and religion. First, the “underdetermination of theories by data” and the revision of the “miracle argument” make it necessary to revise scientific realism. Second, the claim that a realistic interpretation of belief contradicts its religious character questions the consistency of theological realism. Both discussions show that we have to further develop realism. I propose to consider truth, meaning, experience, and transcendence as creative characteristics of a realistic thought. They enable us to make and receive meaning for facts.

中文翻译：

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反对现实主义和科学超越的论据

现实主义受到科学哲学和宗教哲学两个方面的质疑。首先，“数据对理论的不确定性”和“奇迹论点”的修正使得科学现实主义的修正成为必要。其次，对信仰的现实解释与其宗教特征相矛盾的说法质疑了神学现实主义的一致性。两次讨论都表明我们必须进一步发展现实主义。我建议将真理、意义、经验和超越视为现实思想的创造性特征。它们使我们能够为事实创造和接受意义。