One of the key problems with the official archival sources for India’s so-called ‘Criminal Tribes’ is that there is very little that captures the everyday lives of communities who were subjected to the Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), beyond the penal institution. This article explores how we can tease out new material on the work, politics and movements of erstwhile Criminal Tribes by looking at reformatory ‘industrial’ settlements, established between the 1910s and 1930s in Bombay Presidency, as a means of employing communities notified under the CTA in public works and other large-scale industrial projects. Along with identifying the administrative rationale for these settlements, their locational significance and longevity, this article explores the particular forms of surveillance that were developed around industrial work, and the experiences of labour within them. It argues that definitions of ‘criminality’ were, to some extent, negotiated around cultures of work, which drew in ideas about the family unit, traditions of movement and migration, the relationship between cities and their hinterland, and the requirements of capitalist industrial enterprise.

中文翻译：

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20世纪初印度西部刑事部落“工业”住区的劳动和刑事控制

印度所谓的“刑事部落”的官方档案资源的主要问题之一是，除了刑罚机构外，几乎没有什么东西可以捕捉到受《刑事部落法》（CTA）约束的社区的日常生活。本文探讨了如何通过研究1910年代至1930年代在孟买总统府建立的改革性“工业”住区，来取材关于以前的刑事部落的工作，政治和运动的新资料，以此作为利用CTA所通知社区的一种手段在公共工程和其他大型工业项目中。除了确定这些定居点的行政理由，其位置意义和寿命外，本文还探讨了围绕工业工作开发的特定监视形式，以及其中的劳动经验。它认为，“犯罪”的定义在某种程度上是围绕工作文化而达成的，工作文化汲取了有关家庭单位，迁徙和移民的传统，城市与其腹地之间的关系以及资本主义工业企业的要求的观念。 。