This article explains the way mineworkers negotiated workplace hazards and articulated their ideas of safety. Mineworkers increasingly attained mining sense and made use of it, thereby surviving terrible working conditions and seeking to mend the accident-control mechanism. The formation and function of their mining sense were part of the industrialization process. It involved mineworkers’ particular ways of adaptation—quixotic and prudent—to the demand made by work relations. The miners’ unions strove to push the safety regime beyond voluntary codes of discipline and practical and technological solutions. They invested in legislative disciplining and sought informed safety-supervisory controls. They got involved in ‘civic engagement’ with agreeable investigators and legislators within the colonial context and afterwards. Confronted with the limits of such measures, the rank-and-file moved on, from the latter half of the 1950s to direct action in the very mining faces, thereby insisting on the right to withdrawal from danger. The historiographies which argued that Indian workers knowingly acquiesced to perilous mining to maintain livelihoods inadequately lend us the safety ideas shared and action at protection prevention undertaken by mineworkers. This article shows that Indian mineworkers reinforced the safety campaign through their strategic manoeuvring in legislative and workplace struggles as did their counterparts in Britain and some other societies.

中文翻译：

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谈判矿山：印度煤矿的安全文化，1895-1970年

本文介绍了矿工解决工作场所危险并阐明其安全思想的方式。煤矿工人越来越多地利用采矿意识，从而在恶劣的工作条件下生存并寻求改善事故控制机制。他们的采矿意识的形成和功能是工业化过程的一部分。它涉及矿工对工作关系提出的要求的适应方式，既敏捷又谨慎。矿工工会竭力推动安全制度超越自愿纪律和实际技术解决方案。他们投资于立法纪律，并寻求知情的安全监督控制措施。他们在殖民时期以及之后与参与的调查员和立法者一起参与了“公民参与”。面对此类措施的局限性，等级制从1950年代后半期发展到直接在采掘工作面采取直接行动，从而坚持撤出危险的权利。历史学家认为，印度工人明知是默认从事危险采矿以维持生计的，这给我们提供了共同的安全思想，并为矿山工人采取了预防保护行动。本文表明，印度的矿山工人通过其在立法和工作场所斗争中的战略策略，加强了安全运动，就像在英国和其他一些社会中的工人一样。历史学家认为，印度工人明知是默认从事危险采矿以维持生计的，这给我们提供了共同的安全思想，并为矿山工人采取了预防保护行动。本文表明，印度的矿山工人通过其在立法和工作场所斗争中的战略策略，加强了安全运动，就像在英国和其他一些社会中的工人一样。历史学家认为，印度工人明知是默认从事危险采矿以维持生计的，这给我们提供了共同的安全思想，并为矿山工人采取了预防保护行动。本文表明，印度的矿山工人通过其在立法和工作场所斗争中的战略策略，加强了安全运动，就像在英国和其他一些社会中的工人一样。