This paper deals with the ontological foundations of the Soviet interpretation of dialectical materialism (Diamat) as exemplified by one of its “founding fathers,” Abram Deborin, in his works of the late 1920s. It has been claimed that the “ontologizing” tendency in Soviet philosophy is due to the influence of Friedrich Engels and his ideas pertaining to the dialectics of nature. However, a more plausible interpretation is that the ontologism of Soviet philosophy is connected with the rejection of the Kantian Copernican turn in philosophy and the idea of the primacy of gnoseology it implies. In this article, I argue in favor of the latter thesis. Ontologism, i.e., the tendency to give priority in philosophy to questions concerning Being, and anti-Kantianism are but two sides of the same coin.

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苏联哲学中的本体论：一些评论

本文讨论了苏联对辩证唯物主义（Diamat）的解释的本体论基础，其“创始人之一”艾布拉姆·德波林（Abram Deborin）在他 1920 年代后期的作品中就是例证。有人声称苏联哲学中的“本体论”倾向是由于弗里德里希·恩格斯及其与自然辩证法有关的思想的影响。然而，一种更合理的解释是，苏联哲学的本体论与拒绝康德哥白尼哲学转向及其所暗示的知识论至上的观念有关。在这篇文章中，我赞成后一个论点。本体论，即哲学中优先考虑存在问题的倾向，和反康德主义只是同一枚硬币的两个方面。