The article discusses Masaryk’s work The Spirit of Russia . In terms of methodology, The Spirit of Russia is based in Positivism, in a faith in progress and a forward-looking orientation of European development. At the same time, however, it also displays certain axiological positions that condemn conservative, monarchist or religious ideas present in Russian thought. Masaryk is critical of Russian spirituality and traditional elements of Orthodox devotion. The Orthodox faith in his view represents an antipode to progress, being non-European in character. Russia itself is presented as split internally into a progressive, European tendency, and a stagnant traditionalist segment. Masaryk’s view of Russia bears some traits of Orientalism, in particular the notion of the superiority of the European West over traditionalist Russia and the negative aspects of its traditional cultural and religious forms. He also anticipates the notion of internal colonialism within Russia itself.

中文翻译：

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TG Masaryk 的俄罗斯精神：在实证主义、价值论和东方主义之间

文章讨论了马萨里克的作品《俄罗斯精神》。在方法论上，《俄罗斯精神》立足于实证主义、进步信念和欧洲发展的前瞻性导向。然而，与此同时，它也显示出某些价值论立场，谴责俄罗斯思想中存在的保守、君主主义或宗教思想。马萨里克批评俄罗斯的灵性和东正教信仰的传统元素。在他看来，东正教信仰代表了进步的对立面，具有非欧洲的特征。俄罗斯本身被表现为内部分裂为进步的欧洲趋势和停滞不前的传统主义部分。马萨里克对俄罗斯的看法带有东方主义的一些特征，特别是欧洲西部优于传统主义俄罗斯的概念及其传统文化和宗教形式的消极方面。他还预见到了俄罗斯国内的内部殖民主义概念。