Jennifer Herdt argues that Luther’s account of human ethical action implies an absolute passivity before God that both leads to psychological paralysis and fails to appreciate the non-competitive nature of the relationship between divine and human agency. This article argues that neither accusation can be sustained. Not only does Luther’s work lack any evidence of the paralysis Herdt ascribes to him, but Luther’s understanding of the relationship between divine and human action reflects a more theologically persuasive understanding of the distinct modes by which God relates to human beings in creation and redemption than does Herdt’s nature-grace framework. The passivity of the human agent in Luther simply reflects the communicative situation in which Christian moral agency follows on hearing of the gospel, resulting in a model of moral formation in which the focus is on the good of the neighbour rather than one’s own ethical qualities.

中文翻译：

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完美：路德教对道德形成的看法

詹妮弗·赫德 (Jennifer Herdt) 认为，路德 (Luther) 对人类道德行为的描述意味着在上帝面前绝对被动，这既导致心理麻痹，又无法理解上帝与人类能动性之间关系的非竞争性。这篇文章认为，这两项指控都不能成立。路德的著作不仅没有任何证据证明赫德认为他的瘫痪，而且路德对神与人行为之间关系的理解反映了对上帝在创造和救赎中与人类相关的不同模式的神学上更有说服力的理解。 Herdt 的自然恩典框架。路德中人类代理人的被动仅仅反映了基督教道德机构在听到福音后所遵循的交流情况，