ABSTRACT Many scholars have studied Mañjuśrī’s role as bodhisattva of wisdom. However, while Buddhist deities have usually been studied ‘individually,’ I believe that they can only be understood in a broader context. A deity is not an individual, but the salient part of a network that includes, first of all, his acolytes, his entourage, but also his mount, his various manifestations, as well as a number of functionally similar deities. Indeed, all of the above can be seen as ‘emanations’ of an elusive, multifaceted and metamorphic fundamental power. To this end, the texts of the Japanese esoteric Buddhism give us precious indications of Mañjuśrī beyond the popular representation of the bodhisattva of wisdom: his fundamental ambivalence and his central importance in rites of subjugation.

中文翻译：

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Mañjuśrī的偏心：Mañjuśrī在中世纪日本的崇拜的某些方面

摘要许多学者已经研究了玛涅茹瑞作为智慧菩萨的角色。但是，尽管通常对佛教神灵进行“个别研究”，但我相信只能在更广泛的背景下理解它们。神不是一个人，而是网络的重要组成部分，首先包括他的助手，随从，还有坐骑，各种表现形式以及功能上相似的许多神。确实，以上所有内容都可以看作是一种难以捉摸，多面性和变质的基本力量的“散发”。为此，日本神秘的佛教经文为我们提供了Mañjuśrī的宝贵指示，超越了智慧菩萨的通俗表现：他的基本矛盾性和他在屈服仪式中的中心地位。