ABSTRACT Chang’an was a religious center of Buddhism in seventh- and eighth-century East Asia. More than 50,000 Buddhist monks, nuns and priests lived in the city. Buddhist monasteries spread all over in the city, centers of social, economic and cultural activity. Yet while a large number of research studies have explored Chang’an Buddhism in the mid-Tang, the relationship between the social economic history and the religious activities of Buddhist monasteries in this center remains little studied. This article aims to improve our understanding of this topic through a close reading of ninth-century Japanese Buddhist cleric Ennin’s (圓仁 794–864) Nittō Guhō Junrei Kōki 入唐求法巡禮行記 (The Record of a Pilgrimage to the Tang in Search of the Buddhist Law). After reviewing previous work in this field and putting Chang’an Buddhism in its historical context, this paper examines interconnections between commerce and Buddhism in the ninth-century capital as seen through the eyes of this well-known religious figure.

中文翻译：

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九世纪长安的佛教和商业：对恩宁的NittōGuhōJunreiKōki的研究

摘要长安是七，八世纪东亚佛教的宗教中心。超过50,000名和尚，尼姑和牧师居住在该市。佛教寺院遍布城市，社会，经济和文化活动的中心。然而，尽管大量研究在唐中地区探索了长安佛教，但该中心的社会经济历史与佛教寺院的宗教活动之间的关系仍然鲜有研究。本文旨在通过仔细阅读九世纪的日本佛教僧侣恩宁（圆仁794–864）NittōGuhōJunreiKōki入唐求法巡礼行记，来提高我们对这一主题的理解。佛教法）。在回顾了该领域以前的工作并将长安佛教纳入其历史背景之后，