The greater exposure of communities of color and poor communities to environmental harms compared with white and middle-class neighborhoods constitutes “environmental injustice.” Here, we examine how environmental attitudes and experiences with discrimination, as well as environmental and racial identities, affect environmental injustice assessments. Specifically, we focus on environmental injustice pertaining to actual distributions of environmental harms among low-income neighborhoods and neighborhoods of color (distributive environmental injustice), and prescriptions regarding fair decision-making procedures underlying the distribution of environmental burdens in communities (procedural environmental justice). Our data stem from a survey of black people living in the United States. Seemingly unrelated regression analyses indicate that environmental attitudes influence assessments of injustice regarding the distribution of environmental harms in disadvantaged neighborhoods and prescriptions regarding just decision-making procedures about distributing such harms. And while experiences with discrimination only affect assessments of distributive environmental injustice, black identity strongly predicts both forms of justice related to the environment (even controlling on environmental identity, which only affects procedural environmental justice prescriptions). Our discussion focuses on the profound impact of black identity on shaping meanings of environmental justice even for those unaffected by such harms.

与白人和中产阶级社区相比，有色社区和贫困社区对环境的危害更大，这构成了“环境不公”。在这里，我们研究环境态度和歧视经验以及环境和种族身份如何影响环境不公正评估。具体而言，我们关注与低收入社区和有色社区之间环境损害的实际分布有关的环境不公正（分布性环境不公正），以及有关社区环境负担分布的公平决策程序的规定（程序性环境正义） 。我们的数据来自对美国黑人的调查。似乎不相关的回归分析表明，环境态度影响着对处于不利地位的社区中环境危害的分布的不公正评估，以及有关分配此类危害的决策程序的规定。尽管歧视的经验只会影响对分配性环境不公正的评估，但是黑人身份强烈地预测了与环境有关的两种正义形式（甚至控制环境身份也只会影响程序性环境正义处方）。我们的讨论着重于黑人身份对于塑造环境正义意义的深远影响，即使对于那些不受此类危害影响的人也是如此。