Following the plague of 1630, which struck Northern Italy particularly hard, the erosion of social norms and hierarchies led to an outbreak of homicidal violence in the city and province of Bologna. In particular, urban nobility resumed practices of vendetta and revenge as politics that had lain dormant for some decades; while in the countryside, the heightened stresses of endemic rural poverty led to homicides over resources such as land, food, and employment. This article examines that outbreak of violence in the context of natural disaster, employing a selection of seventy-seven homicide trials prosecuted by the Tribunale del Torrone, the criminal court of Bologna, in 1632.

中文翻译：

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近代早期意大利的瘟疫和暴力

1630 年的瘟疫对意大利北部造成了特别严重的打击，社会规范和等级制度的侵蚀导致博洛尼亚市和省爆发了杀人暴力。特别是，城市贵族恢复了深仇大恨的做法，作为沉睡了几十年的政治；而在农村，地方性农村贫困加剧的压力导致了对土地、食物和就业等资源的谋杀。本文考察了自然灾害背景下的暴力事件，选取了 1632 年博洛尼亚刑事法院 Tribunale del Torrone 起诉的 77 起凶杀案审判。