This essay explores glass engravings by Dutch authors Anna Roemers Visscher, Maria Tesselschade Roemers Visscher, and Anna Maria van Schurman. I place these engravings in their rich contemporary contexts, comparing them to other art forms that were the product of female pastime. Like embroidery, emblems, and alba amicorum, engraved glasses combined text and image, transforming each glass into an object that fulfilled key social and cultural functions. Above all, engraving glasses allowed women to forge new self-representations, specifically through their use of play to question binary oppositions and moral certainties.

中文翻译：

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早期现代荷兰共和国的女性玻璃雕刻师

本文探讨荷兰作家 Anna Roemers Visscher、Maria Tesselschade Roemers Visscher 和 Anna Maria van Schurman 的玻璃版画。我将这些版画置于其丰富的当代语境中，将它们与其他女性消遣的艺术形式进行比较。像刺绣、徽章和白蜡树，雕刻眼镜结合了文字和图像，将每个玻璃转化为具有关键社会和文化功能的物体。最重要的是，雕刻眼镜让女性能够打造新的自我表现，特别是通过她们使用游戏来质疑二元对立和道德确定性。