The focus on three drops of milk issuing from the Virgin’s breast in “The Virgin in Front of a Fire Screen” was inspired by contemporary representations of the Lactation of Saint Bernard. This latter iconography provides the visual context for the vivid address of eroticized depictions of the Madonna’s “one bare breast” in Flemish art and shows the intricate connections between visuality and materiality in fifteenth-century Flemish religious art. Some depictions of Saint Bernard’s lactation transform the Madonna’s jets of milk into rays of light aiming for his eyes, stressing the interchangeability of materiality and visuality as modes that were expected to facilitate and/or authenticate miraculous appearances of the Madonna.

中文翻译：

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挤奶、喷奶、洒奶：圣伯纳德和佛兰芒人的哺乳期麦当娜 Lactans（约 1430–1530 年）

在“防火屏前的处女”中，对从处女乳房流出的三滴牛奶的关注受到当代圣伯纳德哺乳期的表现的启发。后一种肖像画为佛兰德艺术中对麦当娜“一个裸露的乳房”的色情描绘的生动描述提供了视觉背景，并展示了 15 世纪佛兰德宗教艺术中视觉性和物质性之间的错综复杂的联系。一些对圣伯纳德哺乳期的描绘将麦当娜的牛奶喷射转变为瞄准他眼睛的光线，强调物质性和视觉的可互换性，这些模式有望促进和/或验证麦当娜的奇迹外观。