The toleration of Jews in early modern Dutch society is commonly seen as predicated on the maintenance of a clear social and religious separation between Jews and Christians. I argue that this view is incomplete and misleading. Close analysis of the only judicial persecution of Jews in the Dutch Republic’s history, the trial of three Jewish proselytes in the anti-Calvinist city of Hoorn in 1614–15, yields a more complex picture. Comparison of the Hoorn trial with cases of apostasy to Judaism in orthodox Calvinist Amsterdam during the same period suggests that the theological commitments of orthodox Calvinism played an important and hitherto unrecognized role in Dutch toleration.

中文翻译：

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预定与宽容：荷兰共和国在神学背景下对犹太人的单一司法迫害

早期现代荷兰社会对犹太人的宽容通常被认为是建立在犹太人和基督徒之间保持明确的社会和宗教分离的基础上的。我认为这种观点是不完整且具有误导性的。仔细分析荷兰共和国历史上唯一一次对犹太人的司法迫害，即 1614-15 年在反加尔文主义城市霍恩对三名犹太皈依者的审判，得出了更复杂的画面。将 Hoorn 审判与同一时期阿姆斯特丹正统加尔文主义的叛教犹太教案件进行比较表明，正统加尔文主义的神学承诺在荷兰人的宽容中发挥了重要且迄今为止未被承认的作用。