In 1636, the Spanish Inquisition tried María de la Cruz for heresy and having made a pact with the devil. Examination of her trial in light of information about sexual misconduct on the part of Catholic clerics, however, reveals that what drove María to the emotional and behavioral extremes that her accusers described was neither heresy nor the devil the authorities had in mind. Theologians who evaluated her case and also met with María discerned what those who only read the accusations against her were unable to know: María's devils were human men taking advantage of a poor, illiterate woman for sex.

中文翻译：

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不雅神学：西班牙反宗教改革中的性与女性异端

1636 年，西班牙宗教裁判所审判玛丽亚·德拉克鲁兹的异端邪说，并与魔鬼缔结了契约。然而，根据有关天主教神职人员性行为不端的信息对她的审判进行审查后发现，将玛丽亚推向她的指控者所描述的情绪和行为极端的原因既不是异端邪说，也不是当局心目中的魔鬼。评估她的案子并会见玛丽亚的神学家发现了那些只阅读对她的指控的人无法知道的事情：玛丽亚的恶魔是人类男人利用一个贫穷、文盲的女人进行性行为。