Independent bookstores (often called “indies” or “independents”) sustained threats to their basic business model because of the growth of national bookstore chains and the proliferation of book sales online, in price clubs, supermarkets, convenience stores, mass merchants, and specialty stores, the emergence of digital e-books and eReaders, and the U.S. recession of 2007–2009. These events triggered the closing of hundreds of independent bookstores. In spite of stiff online and brick-and-mortar competition and the recession, many independents were able to grow in size and importance. This article outlines the competitive advantages utilized by many independent bookstores between 2009 and 2018, resulting in an increase in the number of independent bookstores between 2009 (1651) and 2018 (2470).

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创造竞争优势：2009-2018年美国独立书店的增长

由于全国连锁书店的增长以及网上、价格俱乐部、超市、便利店、大众商户和专卖店的图书销售激增，独立书店（通常称为“独立”或“独立”）对其基本商业模式持续构成威胁商店、数字电子书和电子阅读器的出现，以及 2007 年至 2009 年的美国经济衰退。这些事件引发了数百家独立书店的关闭。尽管在线和实体竞争激烈，经济不景气，但许多独立公司的规模和重要性得以增长。本文概述了许多独立书店在 2009 年至 2018 年间利用的竞争优势，导致 2009 年（1651 家）至 2018 年（2470 家）独立书店数量增加。