ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze how the Korean government has been effective in taming COVID-19 without forced interruptions (i.e. lockdowns) of citizens’ daily lives. Extending the theory of organizational learning, we propose the quadruple-loop learning model, through which we examine how a government can find solutions to a wicked policy problem like COVID-19. The quadruple-loop learning model is applied to explain how the Korean government could effectively tame COVID-19 in the initial stage through its agile as well as adaptive approach based on effective interactions of backstage (time, target, and context) and frontstage of policy processes mainly focusing on the initial stage until the highest alert level was announced. Based on the Korean case, this study also examines critical factors to effective learning organizations such as leadership, information and transparency, as well as citizen participation and governance.

中文翻译：

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政策学习和危机决策：韩国的四环学习和 COVID-19 应对措施

摘要 本研究旨在分析韩国政府如何在不强制中断（即封锁）公民日常生活的情况下有效控制 COVID-19。扩展组织学习理论，我们提出了四环学习模型，通过该模型我们检查政府如何找到解决像 COVID-19 这样的邪恶政策问题的解决方案。应用四环学习模型来解释韩国政府如何通过其基于后台（时间、目标和背景）和前台政策的有效交互的敏捷和自适应方法在初始阶段有效地驯服 COVID-19流程主要集中在初始阶段，直到宣布最高警戒级别。根据韩国的案例，