This article is the preface to the Russian translation of my Kuhn vs Popper. I use it as an opportunity to re-examine the difference between Kuhn and Popper on the nature of ‘revolutions’ in science. Kuhn is rightly seen as a ‘reluctant revolutionary’ and Popper a ‘permanent revolutionary’. In this respect, Kuhn sticks to the original medieval meaning of ‘revolution’ as restoration of a natural order, whereas Popper adopts the more modern meaning of ‘revolution’ that comes into fashion after the French Revolution, which suggests a radical renewal. A key to understanding this difference in revolutionary mentalities lies in Kuhn’s and Popper’s respective treatment of the ‘Gestalt switch’ phenomenon. Kuhn sees the ambiguous Gestalt figure from the standpoint of the subject, and Popper from that of the experimenter. Behind this difference lies alternative interpretations of the significance of quantum mechanics for scientific epistemology, a preoccupation that Kuhn and Popper shared with the original Gestalt psychologists and is beginning engage the interest of social scientists.

中文翻译：

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永恒的革命就是科学：量子认识论

本文是我的库恩与波普尔俄语译本的序言。我以此为契机，重新审视了库恩和波普尔在科学“革命”本质上的区别。库恩被正确地视为“不情愿的革命者”，波普尔被视为“永久性革命者”。在这方面，库恩坚持“革命”的原始中世纪含义是自然秩序的恢复，而波普尔则采用了法国大革命后流行的“革命”的更现代含义，这意味着彻底的复兴。理解这种革命思想差异的关键在于库恩和波普尔对“格式塔转换”现象的分别对待。从主题的角度看，库恩（Kuhn）看到模棱两可的格式塔人物，从实验者的角度来看，波普尔（Popper）。