It is common to think that it’s possible for entities to spatially coincide in multiple ways: with overcrowding (as with two bosons located in the same region, not made of anything in common), and without overcrowding (as with a statue and a lump of clay). Typically, we can distinguish between these by claiming that uncrowded spatial overlap involves a sharing of parts, and crowded spatial overlap does not. However, if we think that mereologically unusual entities, such as extended simples or some kinds of gunk, can also spatially overlap in crowded and uncrowded ways, we lose the ability to distinguish between those varieties of spatial overlap via appeal to shared parts. Thus, we should either reject the possibilities that generated this difficulty, or we must look for an alternative explanation of these varieties of spatial overlap.

中文翻译：

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重叠问题

人们普遍认为实体可能以多种方式在空间上重合：过度拥挤（就像两个玻色子位于同一区域，没有任何共同点），并且没有过度拥挤（比如雕像和一堆粘土）。通常，我们可以通过声称不拥挤的空间重叠涉及部分共享来区分这些，而拥挤的空间重叠则不。然而，如果我们认为分体上不寻常的实体，例如扩展的简单实体或某些种类的垃圾，也可以以拥挤和不拥挤的方式在空间上重叠，我们就失去了通过诉诸共享部分来区分这些空间重叠种类的能力。因此，我们要么拒绝产生这种困难的可能性，要么我们必须寻找对这些空间重叠种类的替代解释。