This paper describes the history of chaplaincy programs in theological education, the content of their curricula, the goals of the programs as described by faculty, and the programs’ approaches to issues of spiritual and religious diversity. It is based on a sample of 21 schools that offer specific chaplaincy education through masters of divinity or masters of arts degrees. We conducted semi-structured interviews with faculty at these schools and reviewed materials from course catalogues and other sources. We found substantial growth in chaplaincy-focused programs in theological schools in the last 20 years as well as the lack of standardization across them that one might expect in a rapidly growing field. The programs mostly developed independent of one another. They have not come to consensus about the skills and competencies chaplains need to do their work and have only engaged in that question across institutions in limited ways. As a group, these programs are also not well connected to clinical chaplaincy training or the day-to-day employment requirements of paid chaplaincy positions. We describe opportunities for collaboration that might strengthen this emerging field and better position it in the changing religious landscape.

中文翻译：

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培训牧师和精神照顾者：神学教育中牧师计划的出现和发展

本文描述了神学教育中的牧师项目的历史、课程内容、教员描述的项目目标，以及项目解决精神和宗教多样性问题的方法。它基于 21 所学校的样本，这些学校通过神学硕士或艺术硕士学位提供特定的牧师教育。我们对这些学校的教职员工进行了半结构化访谈，并审查了课程目录和其他来源的材料。我们发现，在过去 20 年里，神学院中以牧师为重点的课程大幅增长，但在快速发展的领域中，这些课程缺乏标准化。这些程序大多是相互独立开发的。他们尚未就牧师开展工作所需的技能和能力达成共识，并且仅以有限的方式跨机构参与该问题。作为一个整体，这些计划也与临床牧师培训或带薪牧师职位的日常就业要求没有很好的联系。我们描述了可能加强这一新兴领域并更好地将其定位于不断变化的宗教环境中的合作机会。