One point that emerges from qualitative research on religion and bipolar disorder (BD) is the problem patients with BD experience in distinguishing between genuine religious experiences and hyper-religiosity. However, clinical practice does not obviously address communication about differences in explanatory models for illness experiences. The aim of the current study is first to estimate the frequencies of different types of explanations (medical versus religious) for experiences perceived as religious and related to BD, second to explore how these types relate to diagnosis and religiousness, and third to explore the frequency of expectation of treatment for religiosity. In total, 196 adult patients at a specialist outpatient center for BD in the Netherlands completed a questionnaire consisting of seven types of explanations for religious experiences and several items on religiousness. Of the participants who had had religious experiences (66%), 46% viewed the experiences as ‘part of spiritual development’ and 42% as ‘both spiritual and pathological,’ 31% reported ‘keeping distance from such experiences,’ and 15% viewed them as ‘only pathological.’ Measures of religiousness were positively associated with ‘part of spiritual development’ and negatively associated with ‘keeping distance from the experiences’ and ‘only pathological.’ Half of the sample viewed religiosity as an important topic in treatment. It can be hypothesized that strength of religiousness may help people to integrate destabilizing experiences related to BD into their spiritual development. However, the ambiguity of strong religious involvement in BD necessitates careful exploration of the subject in clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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神圣显现或过度宗教：​​双相情感障碍患者宗教和精神体验的解释模型的盛行及其与宗教的关联

从对宗教和双相情感障碍 (BD) 的定性研究中得出的一点是，BD 患者在区分真正的宗教经历和过度宗教信仰方面存在问题。然而，临床实践显然没有解决关于疾病体验解释模型差异的交流。当前研究的目的是首先估计对被视为宗教和与 BD 相关的经历的不同类型解释（医学与宗教）的频率，其次探索这些类型与诊断和宗教信仰的关系，第三次探索频率宗教信仰治疗的期望。总共，荷兰 BD 专科门诊中心的 196 名成年患者完成了一份问卷，该问卷由七种对宗教经历的解释和几个关于宗教的项目组成。在有过宗教经历的参与者 (66%) 中，46% 将这些经历视为“精神发展的一部分”，42% 将其视为“精神和病态”，31% 报告“与此类经历保持距离”，15%认为他们“只是病态的”。宗教性的衡量标准与“精神发展的一部分”呈正相关，与“与经历保持距离”和“只是病态的”呈负相关。一半的样本将宗教信仰视为治疗中的一个重要主题。可以假设，宗教信仰的力量可以帮助人们将与 BD 相关的不稳定经历整合到他们的精神发展中。然而，强烈的宗教参与 BD 的模糊性需要在临床实践中仔细探索该主题。