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The Impact of Back Benchers in the Creation of Social Reform: The Indefatigable and Honourable Exertions of Mr Gilbert *
Parliamentary History ( IF 0.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1111/1750-0206.12498
Louise Ryland‐Epton 1
Affiliation  

During the 18th century, back‐bench members of parliament played a critical role in creating social policy. This article provides a case study of the political campaigns of the Lichfield MP, Thomas Gilbert, and his attempts at a comprehensive reform of the poor law in 1765 and 1782. These individual endeavours were energetic, sophisticated, but unallied to a particular agenda or based on Gilbert's original perspectives. Instead, he harnessed the power of local interests and extra‐parliamentary forces, particularly magistrates, through the adept use of print culture in his later campaign to form social policy based on a broad political consensus. A skilled political operator, he used these same methods to help navigate his bills through parliament. To better fit the context, the campaigns were moulded around political expediency and influenced by the development of Gilbert's humanitarian reputation and the burgeoning of the press, parliamentary reporting, and political debate. The political environments of 1765 and 1782 were, therefore, different, and broader trends influenced the two campaigns. This article demonstrates the importance of the press to political campaigning and suggests that to be successful (in social policy at least) a would‐be reformer was required to engage with a developing participatory political culture. However, given Gilbert's approach, the importance of ideology as a basis for social reform in an 18th‐century context is questioned.

中文翻译:

后座议员对社会改革的影响:吉尔伯特先生不知疲倦和光荣的努力*

在 18 世纪,议会的后座议员在制定社会政策方面发挥了关键作用。本文提供了对利奇菲尔德议员 Thomas Gilbert 的政治运动的案例研究,以及他在 1765 年和 1782 年对贫民法进行全面改革的尝试。这些个人努力充满活力、复杂,但与特定议程或基于关于吉尔伯特的原始观点。相反,他在后来的竞选活动中通过熟练使用印刷文化,利用地方利益和议会外力量,特别是地方法官的力量,在广泛的政治共识基础上形成社会政策。作为一名熟练的政治操作员,他使用这些相同的方法来帮助通过议会来浏览他的法案。为了更好地适应上下文,这些运动围绕着政治权宜之计展开,并受到吉尔伯特人道主义声誉的发展以及新闻媒体、议会报道和政治辩论的迅速发展的影响。因此,1765 年和 1782 年的政治环境不同,更广泛的趋势影响了这两次运动。这篇文章展示了新闻媒体对政治竞选的重要性,并表明要想取得成功(至少在社会政策方面),一个潜在的改革者需要参与发展中的参与式政治文化。然而,鉴于吉尔伯特的方法,意识形态作为 18 世纪背景下社会改革基础的重要性受到质疑。因此,1765 年和 1782 年的政治环境不同,更广泛的趋势影响了这两次运动。这篇文章展示了新闻媒体对政治竞选的重要性,并表明要想取得成功(至少在社会政策方面),一个潜在的改革者需要参与发展中的参与式政治文化。然而,鉴于吉尔伯特的方法,意识形态作为 18 世纪背景下社会改革基础的重要性受到质疑。因此,1765 年和 1782 年的政治环境不同,更广泛的趋势影响了这两次运动。这篇文章展示了新闻媒体对政治竞选的重要性,并表明要想取得成功(至少在社会政策方面),一个潜在的改革者需要参与发展中的参与式政治文化。然而,鉴于吉尔伯特的方法,意识形态作为 18 世纪背景下社会改革基础的重要性受到质疑。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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