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Competing Climate Change Responses: Reflections on EU Unilateral Regulation of International Transport Emissions in Light of Multilateral Developments
Netherlands International Law Review ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s40802-020-00167-2
Natalie L. Dobson

In 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) made important strides towards the regulation of emissions from international aviation and maritime transport. This was partially catalysed by the ‘ultimatum strategy’ of the European Union (EU), where the Union persistently threatened to take unilateral steps in the absence of multilateral action. As this article analyses, it appears that the Union is reluctant to relinquish its unilateral approach and align fully with both the ICAO Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme and the IMO Global Data Collection Scheme. This raises questions under public international law as to the relationships between these competing measures. Amidst rising political pressures, this article considers the extent to which the unfolding multilateral policies of the ICAO and IMO may limit the regulatory competence of the EU. While the EU is an independent legal entity, it has been conferred far-reaching competences by its Member States who are themselves members of these other international organisations. Given the lack of clarity on clear hierarchical rules, an important role remains for the customary law of state jurisdiction in governing regulatory competence more generally. The final part of this article engages with recent discussions on the existence of an obligation to exercise jurisdictional self-restraint. It reflects on the tensions arising between respect for states’ regulatory autonomy and the prevention of ‘dangerous’ anthropogenic climate change.

中文翻译:

相互竞争的气候变化响应:从多边发展的角度反思欧盟对国际运输排放的单边监管

2016年,国际民航组织(ICAO)和国际海事组织(IMO)在国际航空和海上运输排放的监管方面取得了重要进展。这部分是由欧盟 (EU) 的“最后通牒战略”促成的,欧盟一直威胁要在没有多边行动的情况下采取单边措施。正如本文所分析的那样,欧盟似乎不愿放弃其单边做法,并与 ICAO 碳抵消和减排计划和 IMO 全球数据收集计划完全一致。这在国际公法下引发了关于这些竞争措施之间关系的问题。在不断上升的政治压力下,本文考虑了 ICAO 和 IMO 正在展开的多边政策可能会在多大程度上限制欧盟的监管能力。虽然欧盟是一个独立的法人实体,但其成员国本身就是这些其他国际组织的成员,它们被赋予了深远的权力。鉴于清晰的等级规则缺乏明确性,国家管辖权的习惯法在更普遍地管理监管能力方面仍然发挥着重要作用。本文的最后一部分涉及最近关于行使管辖权自我克制义务的存在的讨论。它反映了尊重国家监管自主权与防止“危险”的人为气候变化之间出现的紧张关系。虽然欧盟是一个独立的法人实体,但其成员国本身就是这些其他国际组织的成员,它们被赋予了深远的权力。鉴于清晰的等级规则缺乏明确性,国家管辖权的习惯法在更普遍地管理监管能力方面仍然发挥着重要作用。本文的最后一部分涉及最近关于行使管辖权自我克制义务的存在的讨论。它反映了尊重国家监管自主权与防止“危险”的人为气候变化之间出现的紧张关系。虽然欧盟是一个独立的法人实体,但其成员国本身就是这些其他国际组织的成员,它们被赋予了深远的权力。鉴于清晰的等级规则缺乏明确性,国家管辖权的习惯法在更广泛地管理监管能力方面仍然发挥着重要作用。本文的最后一部分涉及最近关于行使管辖权自我克制义务的存在的讨论。它反映了尊重国家监管自主权与防止“危险”的人为气候变化之间出现的紧张关系。鉴于清晰的等级规则缺乏明确性,国家管辖权的习惯法在更广泛地管理监管能力方面仍然发挥着重要作用。本文的最后一部分涉及最近关于行使管辖权自我克制义务的存在的讨论。它反映了尊重国家监管自主权与防止“危险”的人为气候变化之间出现的紧张关系。鉴于清晰的等级规则缺乏明确性,国家管辖权的习惯法在更普遍地管理监管能力方面仍然发挥着重要作用。本文的最后一部分涉及最近关于行使管辖权自我克制义务的存在的讨论。它反映了尊重国家监管自主权与预防“危险的”人为气候变化之间出现的紧张关系。
更新日期:2020-06-10
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