The Hague Judgments Convention 2019 makes the classic distinction between private law matters within its scope (civil or commercial matters) and public law matters outside its scope. It also follows the same position in relation to State immunity used in the Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005 (see Art. 2(5) in 2019 and 2(6) in 2005). The innovative parts of the 2019 Convention relate to the exclusions from scope in Article 2 relating to the armed forces, law enforcement activities and unilateral debt restructuring. Finally, in Article 19, the Convention creates a new declaration system permitting States to widen the exclusion from scope to some private law judgments concerning a State, or a State agency or a natural person acting for the State or a Government agency. This article gives guidance on the correct Treaty interpretation of all these matters taking full account of the work of the Hague Informal Working Group dealing with the application of the Convention to Governments and the other relevant supplementary means of interpretation referred to in Article 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.

中文翻译：

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判决公约：适用于政府

2019 年海牙判决公约对其范围内的私法事项（民事或商事事项）和范围外的公法事项进行了经典区分。它还遵循 2005 年海牙选择法院公约（见 2019 年第 2(5) 条和 2005 年第 2(6) 条）中使用的与国家豁免相关的相同立场。2019 年公约的创新部分涉及第 2 条关于武装部队、执法活动和单方面债务重组的范围的排除。最后，在第 19 条中，公约创建了一个新的声明系统，允许各国将排除范围扩大到一些涉及国家、国家机构或代表国家或政府机构行事的自然人的私法判决。