Focusing on texts that blend fictional and autobiographical material, this article examines cases in which a character and an overt third-person narrator sound alike, such that instability in mood and inconsistency in voice result. Hypothetically, these phenomena—indeterminate focalization and voice contamination—can be chalked up to the quasi-autobiographical nature of the text and to the author’s presumptive identification with both narrator and character. The phenomena can occur accidentally, but they can also be deployed intentionally for effect in fiction as well as in works that blend autobiography and fiction. Such mood and voice anomalies lead, given the “narrator’s” unstable characterization and heterogeneous discourse, to a closer look at the assumption that such texts have a narrator in addition to an author. In this article, I question classical narratology’s attribution of a narrator to every work of fiction and propose alternatives that acknowledge authors’ textual practices. This study contributes to recent narratological research on focalization, voice, the narrator, and autobiography.

中文翻译：

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第三人称小说中的情绪、声音和叙述者的问题

本文着眼于融合了虚构和自传材料的文本，研究了角色和明显的第三人称叙述者听起来相似，从而导致情绪不稳定和声音不一致的情况。假设，这些现象——不确定的聚焦和声音污染——可以归结为文本的准自传性质以及作者对叙述者和人物的假定认同。这种现象可能是偶然发生的，但它们也可以被有意部署以在小说以及融合自传和小说的作品中发挥作用。考虑到“叙述者”不稳定的特征和异质性的话语，这种情绪和声音的异常导致更仔细地审视这样的假设，即这些文本除了作者之外还有一个叙述者。在本文中，我质疑古典叙事学将叙述者归因于每部小说作品，并提出承认作者文本实践的替代方案。这项研究有助于最近关于聚焦、声音、叙述者和自传的叙事学研究。