Andalusian Spanish is said to have levelled in one pronoun the address in plural. This term, ustedes, syntactically 3pl, can induce 2pl and 3pl agreements. The data available from last century show that Andalusian speakers no longer distinguished between formality and informality and had lost the pragmatic difference attested elsewhere in Peninsular Spanish. However, new fieldwork sheds light on this phenomenon and reveals that ustedes was not a subject, but a vocative that worked as a topic. Likewise, during the century that passed between the latest data available and the new fieldwork, ustedes has undergone a process by which it has supplanted any other term of address and has become a full subject. This article aims to provide a linguistic and geographical explanation that justifies the pragmatic change attested in Andalusia, the stages this phenomenon has produced, and its evolution in the last hundred years. *Corresponding author: Víctor Lara Bermejo, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italy, E-Mail: viktoresc@hotmail.com Ibero 2018; 2018(88): 237–262

中文翻译：

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语用学和西班牙语半岛学科的出现

据说安达卢西亚西班牙语将一个代词的地址复数了。从语法上讲3pl，这个术语可以引起2pl和3pl协议。上个世纪的数据表明，安达卢西亚人不再区分形式和非正式，而失去了西班牙语半岛其他地方的务实差异。但是，新的田野调查揭示了这种现象，并表明您不是主题，而是作为主题的口头表达。同样，在过去的最新数据和新的实地调查之间经过的世纪中，您经历了一个过程，该过程取代了其他任何称呼术语，并成为一个完整的主题。本文旨在提供一种语言和地理解释，以证明安达卢西亚的务实变化是合理的，这种现象产生的阶段，以及最近一百年来的演变。*通讯作者：意大利威尼斯威尼斯卡斯卡大学的VíctorLara Bermejo，电子邮件：viktoresc@hotmail.com Ibero 2018; 2018（88）：237–262