The identification of contemporary forms of slavery is often problematically demarcated by reference to transatlantic enslavement as the definitive archetype. Such an approach overlooks other historic slaveries and neglects the totality of the maangamizi—the African holocaust. This article addresses the problematics of positioning the transatlantic system as the paradigm and unpacks the constituent elements of de jure slavery to construct an understanding of slavery as a condition as well as a status. By identifying the core features of de jure chattel slavery through time, this paper displaces the assumption that legal status is determinative, giving meaning to the concept of slavery in the contemporary world.

中文翻译：

---

打破法律上和事实上的奴隶制之间的界限：跨大西洋框架之外的奴隶制基础

通过将跨大西洋奴役作为最终原型，对当代形式的奴隶制的识别常常存在问题。这种方法忽视了其他历史悠久的奴隶制，忽视了 maangamizi 的整体——非洲大屠杀。本文解决了将跨大西洋体系定位为范式的问题，并解开了法律上奴隶制的构成要素，以构建对奴隶制作为条件和地位的理解。通过确定法律上动产奴隶制的核心特征，本文推翻了法律地位具有决定性的假设，赋予当代世界奴隶制概念以意义。