Against continuing attempts to define “Old Testament theology” or “biblical theology” in exclusively Christian terms, and in light of ongoing methodological diversity and confusion between proponents of Jewish biblical theology, this article suggests three models for the latter. The first one investigates the theologies of the different parts of the Hebrew Bible on their own, diachronically, without interference from later theology or practice. The second one focuses synchronically on the form of the Hebrew Bible as canonized, and is as objective as this basic biblical text allows. The third one is explicitly subjective and confessional, reading the Hebrew Bible in relation to the larger canon of Judaism, that is, the Oral Torah (= talmudic and midrashic literature). All three models have a legitimate place in the construction of a genuinely Jewish biblical theology, but they must not be confused. They all begin with different presuppositions and pursue different goals, but when properly distinguished, they can also complement one another, each exploring different aspects of the theology of the Jewish Bible.

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犹太圣经神学的模型

反对继续尝试仅用基督教的术语来定义“旧约神学”或“圣经神学”，并且鉴于犹太教圣经神学的支持者之间不断出现的方法学多样性和困惑，本文针对后者提出了三种模型。第一个在过去的时间里独立地研究了希伯来圣经不同部分的神学，而不受后来的神学或实践的干扰。第二本书同步地聚焦于经典的希伯来圣经的形式，并且在这一基本圣经文本允许的范围内是客观的。第三个是主观的和悔的，阅读希伯来语圣经中有关犹太教的较大教规，即《口头律法》（塔拉木语和米德拉什语文学）。这三种模式在构建真正的犹太圣经神学上都有其应有的地位，但不要混淆。它们都以不同的预设为起点，并追求不同的目标，但是如果加以适当区分，它们也可以相互补充，分别探索犹太圣经神学的不同方面。