Histories of cash-crop agriculture in Senegal’s peanut basin have foregrounded the sway of market forces—an economic story of supply and demand staging metropolitan industrial needs, commercial entrepreneurialism, and profitable returns with both planned and unplanned developments. The political connivance between commercial crops and French rule is also well documented. The relentless expansion of peanut cultivation in Senegal’s hinterland was promoted by colonial policies and collusions between the French administration and Muslim brotherhoods. African farmers were not idle bystanders to these transformations, as peasant social strategies were centrally implicated in the (re)construction of colonial countrysides. While accounts illuminate the broad structural forces and human institutions involved in the commodification of African rural worlds, they frequently overlook the contributions of a host of other historical actors: the unsung, yet influential, nonhuman agencies that were integral components of farming ecologies, shaped people’s affective belonging to their landscapes, and actively mediated histories of capitalist transformations. In this article I attend specifically to the overlapping roles and material effects of three categories of “inanimate actors” in the adoption of cash cropping in the Senegalese province of Siin: peanuts, pangool (ancestral spirits), and places. Drawing on Adorno’s (1973) concept of “constellation” and Deleuze and Guattari’s (1987) idea of “assemblage,” I examine how the tangible properties of crops, spiritual beings, and rural geography (and the social practices it nurtured) combined to assist and disrupt the operations of capital and government. Peanuts, pangool, and places drew humans and nonhumans into material constellations that cut across the plain of political economic analysis and offset totalizing visions of global capitalism; they reveal alternative tales of power, labor, and intimacy, “understories” that speak to the contingent, hybrid, and unfinished histories of colonial modernity in Africa.

中文翻译：

---

花生、Pangool 和地方：塞内加尔农村殖民资本主义的星座

塞内加尔花生盆地的经济作物农业的历史突出了市场力量的影响——一个关于供给和需求的经济故事，展示了大都市工业需求、商业企业家精神以及计划内和计划外开发的盈利回报。经济作物与法国统治之间的政治纵容也有据可查。殖民政策以及法国政府与穆斯林兄弟会之间的勾结促进了塞内加尔腹地花生种植的无情扩张。非洲农民并不是这些转变的无所事事的旁观者，因为农民的社会战略与殖民农村的（重新）建设密切相关。虽然叙述阐明了非洲农村世界商品化所涉及的广泛结构性力量和人类制度，他们经常忽视许多其他历史参与者的贡献：无名但有影响力的非人类机构，它们是农业生态不可或缺的组成部分，塑造了人们对其景观的情感归属感，并积极调节了资本主义转型的历史。在这篇文章中，我特别关注了塞内加尔锡因省采用经济作物种植的三类“无生命行为者”的重叠作用和物质效应：花生、pangool（祖先精神）和地方。借鉴阿多诺 (1973) 的“星座”概念和德勒兹和加塔里 (1987) 的“组合”概念，我研究了作物、精神生物和乡村地理（及其培育的社会实践）的有形属性如何结合起来帮助并扰乱资本和政府的运作。Peanut、pangool 和地方将人类和非人类吸引到物质星座中，这些星座跨越了政治经济分析的平原，抵消了全球资本主义的总体愿景；它们揭示了权力、劳​​动和亲密关系的另类故事，以及讲述非洲殖民现代性的偶然的、混合的和未完成的历史的“底层故事”。