Between 1880 and 1904, African American residents of Freedmen’s Town in Houston, Texas, were buried in the Third New City Cemetery. Using an assemblage of clothing fasteners recovered during excavations of the cemetery, I attempt to identify patterns of use and to interpret the kinds of clothing ensembles represented among men and women. The main goal of this study is to discern potential gendered patterns of clothing-fastener use that could assist in analyzing similar data from other sites. A related, secondary focus of this research is the working-class, gendered identity of black Houstonians and the roles of consumerism and clothing within the context of a segregationist Southern city.

中文翻译：

---

休斯顿自由民镇的性别、服装紧固件和着装习惯，约 1880-1904 年

1880 年至 1904 年间，德克萨斯州休斯顿弗里德曼镇的非裔美国人被安葬在第三新城公墓。使用在墓地挖掘过程中回收的一组衣服扣件，我试图确定使用模式并解释男性和女性所代表的服装种类。本研究的主要目标是识别服装紧固件使用的潜在性别模式，以帮助分析来自其他站点的类似数据。这项研究的一个相关次要焦点是休斯顿黑人工人阶级的性别认同以及消费主义和服装在种族隔离主义南方城市背景下的作用。