Abstract:This article reveals how Elizabeth Keckley framed American citizenship as a psychiatric rather than political category. In Behind the Scenes (1868), Keckley emblematizes Mary Todd Lincoln’s “scandalous” behavior to describe and critique what I call the psychiatric republic: a politico-economic paradigm that paradoxically condemns women as mad, often for expressing the very traits required of men elected to public office, while simultaneously positing feminine virtues as foundational for republican citizenship. Focusing on how notions of civic femininity were originally linked to psychiatric nosology, I show how nineteenth-century women were circumscribed temporally in a seemingly inescapable loop of diagnosis, treatment, and moral refinement. The spectacular case of Mary Todd Lincoln is an extreme example of how women were considered mentally unstable enough to merit exclusion from civic life but were also forced to perform in cure cultures that would ostensibly ready them for civic duties predicated on rational democratic subjecthood.

中文翻译：

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玛丽·托德·林肯、伊丽莎白·凯克利和美国的精神病学共和国

摘要：本文揭示了伊丽莎白·凯克利 (Elizabeth Keckley) 如何将美国公民身份定义为精神病学而非政治范畴。在幕后（1868年），凯克利标志着Mary Todd林肯的“丑闻”行为来形容和批评我所谓的精神共和国：一个政治经济范式，矛盾地谴责妇女疯狂，往往是为了表达男子所需的非常特征担任公职，同时将女性美德作为共和公民的基础。关注公民女性气质的概念最初是如何与精神病学疾病分类学联系在一起的，我展示了 19 世纪的女性如何在一个看似不可避免的诊断、治疗和道德完善循环中暂时受到限制。