Abstract Numerous studies have dealt with the coding of information sources within and across languages. These studies have shown that despite the significant differences in the number of formally distinct evidentiality categories, languages tend to have grammaticalized markers for certain information sources, but not for others; different kinds of sensory perception, inference, assumption and hearsay evidence are among those information sources that receive explicit coding. In this paper, another evidence type, namely general knowledge, will be examined. It will be shown that general knowledge differs from other information sources in its nature, but it also has features in common with them. In addition, a formal-functional typology of general knowledge coding will be proposed based on the nature of the element used for this purpose. Finally, the rationale behind the discussed types and the central theoretical implications of the paper will be discussed. The attested types either stress the peculiar nature of general knowledge providing evidence for its independent information source status, or they emphasize the common features shared by general knowledge and other information sources, most notably reliability of information.

中文翻译：

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一般知识作为证据类别

摘要大量研究涉及语言之间以及跨语言的信息源编码。这些研究表明，尽管形式上明显不同的证据类别的数量存在显着差异，但语言倾向于为某些信息源提供语法标记，而对于其他信息源则没有语法标记。接受显式编码的那些信息源包括不同种类的感官知觉，推断，假设和传闻证据。本文将研究另一种证据类型，即常识。将显示，一般知识在本质上与其他信息源有所不同，但也具有与它们相同的特征。此外，将基于用于此目的的元素的性质，提出常识编码的形式功能类型。最后，将讨论所讨论类型的基本原理以及本文的中心理论含义。被证明的类型要么强调普通知识的特殊性质，为其独立信息源的地位提供证据，要么强调普通知识和其他信息源所共有的共同特征，尤其是信息的可靠性。