Abstract This article deals with the mechanisms by which directive imperatives develop into grams with various non-directive meanings. The types discussed include conditional and concessive, historical, mirative and echoic-necessitive imperatives. It is argued that such non-directive functions should not be traced back to putative general meanings of the imperative but arise, in various specific constructions and through various mechanisms, from the properly directive imperative.

中文翻译：

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非指令性命令的来源和途径

摘要本文探讨了将指令命令发展为具有各种非指令含义的语法的机制。讨论的类型包括条件和让步，历史，和平和回声-必要命令。有人认为，这种非指示性功能不应追溯到命令性的推定一般含义，而应以各种特定的构造和通过各种机制从适当的命令性命令中产生。