Abstract Language is a system of message transmission, which conveys a variety of messages including both lexical messages and social messages. It has been demonstrated that lexical messages are realized with phonetically reduced signals, when they are contextually predictable. For example, a word may be produced with shorter duration, when it is more predictable given a context such as a preceding word and a following word. This message-oriented reduction can be encapsulated by positing that a speaker is required to balance two biases: a bias for maximizing the accuracy of message transmission and a bias for maximizing the efficiency of message transmission. This raises a question: Does a speaker balance the two biases in relation to social messages? The aim of this study is to address this question, and advance our understanding of the message-oriented probabilistic reduction. We will explore the social-message-predictability effects by examining the phonetic redundancy in a variant in New Zealand English loanword phonology, a tap sound [ɾ]. It is demonstrated that the duration of this rhotic variant is affected by the social message predictability given a loanword.

中文翻译：

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与社交信息可预测性相关的概率降低

摘要语言是一种消息传递系统，它传达各种消息，包括词汇消息和社交消息。已经证明，词汇消息在上下文可预测的情况下可以通过语音上减少的信号来实现。例如，当给定上下文（例如前一个单词和后一个单词）时，该单词更容易预测时，可以用较短的持续时间来生成单词。可以通过假设说话者需要平衡两个偏差来封装这种面向消息的减少，即两个偏差：一个用于最大化消息传输精度的偏差和一个用于最大化消息传输效率的偏差。这就提出了一个问题：说话者是否平衡了与社交信息有关的两个偏见？这项研究的目的是解决这个问题，并增进我们对面向消息的概率减少的理解。我们将通过检查新西兰英语借词音系中的一种变体（a声）中的语音冗余来探索社交消息可预测性的效果。事实证明，在给定借词的情况下，这种变体形式的持续时间受社交信息可预测性的影响。