When occurring without their goal argument, communication verbs induce two types of control: obligatory control (OC) by the implicit goal, or nonobligatory control (NOC) by a salient antecedent. Arguments are presented to demonstrate that the two are genuinely distinct, and furthermore, that the NOC option is not reducible to embedded imperatives. The two types of control implicate the same grammatical representations, the single difference being the choice of the context of evaluation for PRO (fixed as the reported context in OC, free in NOC). Finally, evidence is presented (from VP-ellipsis) that reference to deictic antecedents in NOC is not direct but mediated via grammatically present entities (SPEAKER and ADDRESSEE functions).

中文翻译：

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具有沟通动词的非强制性控制：新证据和启示

交流动词在没有目标自变量的情况下发生时，会引起两种控制方式：隐式目标的强制性控制（OC）或显着性先行的非强制性控制（NOC）。提出了论据以证明两者是真正不同的，此外，NOC选项无法还原为嵌入式命令。两种控件都包含相同的语法表示形式，唯一的区别是对PRO评估上下文的选择（固定为OC中报告的上下文，NOC中为免费）。最后，提供了证据（来自VP省略号），该证据表明NOC中的先行词不是直接的，而是通过语法上存在的实体（SPEAKER和ADDRESSEE函数）介导的。