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An Investigation into the Underpinning Factors of Plagiarism among Universities in Iran
Libri ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-25 , DOI: 10.1515/libri-2017-0100
Mahdi Shaghaghi , Mohammad-Reza Vasfi

Abstract We are living in a time where plagiarism is a highly critical issue in the publish-or-perish stage of academic life. There have been many efforts to address this issue by holistic socio-cognitive variables but they do not seem explanatory enough in context-specific areas. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the root causes of plagiarism in a specific context, i. e. Iranian universities, by offering a structural model to reveal the building blocks of this phenomenon. Setting the goal, we chose Corbin and Strauss’s (2008) Grounded Theory (GT) approach, avoiding its paradigmatic cliché that a theoretical model emerges only from data without any pre-assumption. The research population included faculty members, PhD candidates and master’s students selected from universities in Tehran, Iran. Open theoretical sampling and, then, discriminative sampling were used. Fifty-one interviews, two newspaper interviews, and three focus groups were conducted. The interviewees were accessed through universities’ library and information centers. Taken together, 56 interviews were transcribed and codified. Lincoln and Guba’s (2008) criteria were used to control the quality of the research process. “Indifference” to plagiarism is the central phenomenon and “cultural depositories” plus “governmental capitalism” were found to be the root factors. These two factors may lead to “Bureaucratic university” (Moodie 2006) as a context for the emergence of “research formalism”, “uncritical education” and “scholastic habitus”. All these factors, together with direct reflexive elements including bad exemplars, the irresponsibility of professors, immoral trade-off, unscientific evaluation, insignificant differentiation, and vindications, lead to “indifference”. One of the research’s implications is that plagiarism in Iran seems not to result from individual-psychological factors but from cultural, economic, legal and organizational factors. Another implication is that in the investigation of social or organizational problems we should take a look at the concept of normality. We explored the factors tending to make a problem a normal phenomenon. We also pinpointed the things making people indifferent to a problem, factors pushing abnormal phenomenon to the realm of normality, and elements constituting the origins of the current order of things which are mysteriously silenced and practically behaved.

中文翻译:

伊朗大学中抄袭的基础因素调查

摘要我们生活在一个抄袭是学术生活的出版或灭亡阶段中极为重要的问题的时代。为了通过整体的社会认知变量来解决这个问题,已经进行了许多努力,但是在特定于上下文的领域中,它们似乎还不够解释。因此,我们旨在调查在特定情况下窃的根本原因,即 e。伊朗大学通过提供一种结构模型来揭示这一现象的基础。设定目标后,我们选择了Corbin和Strauss(2008)的扎根理论(GT)方法,避免了其理论上的陈词滥调,即理论模型仅从数据中出现而没有任何预先假设。研究人群包括从伊朗德黑兰的大学中选出的教职员工,博士生和硕士研究生。打开理论样本,然后 使用区分抽样。进行了五十一次访谈,两次报纸采访以及三个焦点小组。可通过大学的图书馆和信息中心访问受访者。总共记录了56个访谈并进行了整理。Lincoln和Guba(2008)的标准用于控制研究过程的质量。对窃的“冷漠”是中心现象,“文化保管处”加上“政府资本主义”被认为是根本原因。这两个因素可能导致“官僚大学”(Moodie 2006)成为“研究形式主义”,“非批判性教育”和“学术习惯”出现的背景。所有这些因素,以及直接的反身因素,包括不良的榜样,教授的不负责任,不道德的权衡,不科学的评估,无关紧要的区分和辩护导致“区别”。该研究的意义之一是,伊朗的窃似乎不是由于个人心理因素,而是由于文化,经济,法律和组织因素。另一个含义是,在研究社会或组织问题时,我们应该看一下正常性的概念。我们探讨了使问题成为正常现象的因素。我们还指出了使人们对问题无动于衷的事物,将异常现象推向正常领域的因素,以及构成当前事物秩序起源的要素,这些事物被神秘地沉默和实际表现。该研究的意义之一是,伊朗的窃似乎不是由于个人心理因素,而是由于文化,经济,法律和组织因素。另一个含义是,在研究社会或组织问题时,我们应该看一下正常性的概念。我们探讨了使问题成为正常现象的因素。我们还指出了使人们对问题无动于衷的事物,将异常现象推向正常领域的因素,以及构成当前事物秩序起源的要素,这些事物被神秘地沉默和实际表现。该研究的意义之一是,伊朗的窃似乎不是由于个人心理因素,而是由于文化,经济,法律和组织因素。另一个含义是,在研究社会或组织问题时,我们应该看一下正常性的概念。我们探讨了使问题成为正常现象的因素。我们还指出了使人们对问题无动于衷的事物,将异常现象推向正常领域的因素,以及构成当前事物秩序起源的要素,这些事物被神秘地沉默和实际表现。另一个含义是,在研究社会或组织问题时,我们应该看一下正常性的概念。我们探讨了使问题成为正常现象的因素。我们还指出了使人们对问题无动于衷的事物,将异常现象推向正常领域的因素,以及构成当前事物秩序起源的要素,这些事物被神秘地沉默和实际表现。另一个含义是,在研究社会或组织问题时,我们应该看一下正常性的概念。我们探讨了使问题成为正常现象的因素。我们还指出了使人们对问题无动于衷的事物,将异常现象推向正常领域的因素,以及构成当前事物秩序起源的要素,这些事物被神秘地沉默和实际表现。
更新日期:2019-09-25
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