Taking an epistemological stance towards music in a real-time listening situation entails a definition of music as a temporal and sounding art. This means that music cannot be described in abstract and detached terms as something “out there” in a virtual space but rather as something that impinges upon our senses in an actual “here and now.” Musical sense-making, therefore, should be considered a kind of ongoing knowledge construction with a dynamic tension between actual sensation and mental representation of sounding events. Four major dichotomies may be considered in this regard: the focal versus synoptic overview of the sounding music, the continuous/discrete processing of the sounds, the distinction between sensory experience versus cognitive economy, and the in-time/outside-of-time distinction. The author argues that a deliberate combination of these diverging approaches makes the musical experience a richer one.

中文翻译：

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作为认知建构的音乐：从声音体验到音乐感悟

在实时聆听情况下对音乐采取认识论立场需要将音乐定义为时间和发声艺术。这意味着音乐不能用抽象和超然的术语描述为虚拟空间中“外面”的东西，而是真实的“此时此地”影响我们感官的东西。因此，音乐意义建构应被视为一种持续的知识建构，在声音事件的实际感觉和心理表征之间具有动态张力。在这方面可以考虑四个主要的二分法：发声音乐的焦点与概要概述，声音的连续/离散处理，感官体验与认知经济之间的区别，以及时间内/时间外的区别.