Abstract This article examines the evolution of democratic practice in Brazil. The article begins with a discussion on the country’s performance in terms of social equality, violence, and weak economy after the consolidation of democracy in 1985. Based on historical evidence, the article offers explanations concerning the weak performance in Brazil. The case of Brazil provides a challenge to the theory of open access order of North and his colleagues in the sense that open access to political organizations and activities does not necessarily lead to either better political representation or better economic performance. The case of Brazil also shows that open access to economic organizations and activities in the absence of the necessary institutions in the areas of property rights protection and contract enforcement, the financial market, the rule of law, and human resources accumulation does not lead to long-term economic growth.

中文翻译：

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巴西的开放获取令和互连机构：挑战

摘要本文考察了巴西民主实践的演变。本文从1985年民主巩固后的社会平等，暴力和经济疲软等方面对巴西的表现进行了讨论。基于历史证据，本文对巴西的疲软表现提供了解释。巴西的情况对诺斯及其同事的开放获取秩序理论提出了挑战，因为开放获取政治组织和活动并不一定会导致更好的政治代表性或更好的经济表现。巴西的案例还表明，在产权保护和合同执行，金融市场，