We have documented language varieties (either Turkic or Indo-European) spoken in 23 test sites by 88 informants belonging to the major ethnic groups of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Yaghnobis). The recorded linguistic material concerns 176 words of the extended Swadesh list and will be made publically available with the publication of this paper. Phonological diversity is measured by the Levenshtein distance and displayed as a consensus bootstrap tree and as multidimensional scaling plots. Linguistic contact is measured as the number of borrowings, from one linguistic family into the other, according to a precision/recall analysis further validated by expert judgment. Concerning Turkic languages, the results of our sample do not support Kazakh and Karakalpak as distinct languages and indicate the existence of several separate Karakalpak varieties. Kyrgyz and Uzbek, on the other hand, appear quite homogeneous. Among the Indo-Iranian languages, the distinction between Tajik and Yaghnobi varieties is very clear-cut. More generally, the degree of borrowing is higher than average where language families are in contact in one of the many sorts of situations characterizing Central Asia: frequent bilingualism, shifting political boundaries, ethnic groups living outside the “mother” country.

中文翻译：

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中亚语言调查

我们已经记录了属于吉尔吉斯斯坦，塔吉克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦主要民族（Karakalpaks，哈萨克斯坦，吉尔吉斯斯坦，塔吉克斯坦，乌兹别克，Yaghnobis）的88名线人在23个测试地点使用的语言变体（突厥语或印欧语）。所记录的语言材料涉及扩展的Swadesh列表中的176个单词，并将在本文发表时公开提供。语音多样性通过Levenshtein距离测量，并显示为共识自举树和多维比例尺图。根据精确度/召回率分析，并通过专家判断进一步验证，语言接触是指从一个语言家族到另一个语言家族的借贷数量。关于突厥语，我们的样本结果不支持哈萨克语和Karakalpak作为不同的语言，并表明存在几种单独的Karakalpak变体。另一方面，吉尔吉斯斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦似乎很同质。在印度-伊朗语言中，塔吉克和Yaghnobi变种之间的区别非常明显。更普遍的说，在中亚地区的多种特征之一中，语言家庭的接触程度高出平均水平：双语频繁，政治界限不断变化，居住在“母亲”国家之外的种族群体。