Kant deploys analogies from private law in describing relations between states. I explore the relation between these analogies and the broader Kantian idea of the distinctively public nature of a rightful condition, in order to explain why states, understood as public things, stand in horizontal, private legal relations without themselves being private. I use this analysis to explore the international law analogues of the three titles of private right, explaining how territory differs from property, treaty from contract and the specific form of status relations between nations. I conclude with a brief discussion of the ongoing relevance of these horizontal relations.

中文翻译：

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政治独立、领土完整和私法类比

康德运用私法类比来描述国家之间的关系。我探讨了这些类比与更广泛的康德式关于正当条件的独特公共性质的概念之间的关系，以解释为什么被理解为公共事物的国家处于水平的、私人的法律关系中，而自身却不是私人的。我用这种分析来探讨私人权利三个标题的国际法类比，解释领土与财产的区别，条约与合同的区别以及国家之间地位关系的具体形式。最后，我简要讨论了这些横向关系的持续相关性。