Helen Ingram is a democracy advocate. Her academic works have been aimed to enhance democratic participation for a more equal society. For Mexico, this purpose is especially relevant since democracy is still under construction and inequality is rampant. Ingram’s model of analysis is critical to address Mexico’s structurally biased and paternalistic clientelism, as well as to grasp the issue of corruption and the problem of impunity among Mexican politicians. Inspired by Helen Ingram ́s work, this article attempts to apply her approach to analyze the Sonoran government’s decision to build and operate the Independence Aqueduct over the years 2010–2015. The aqueduct constitutes a major transfer of water from El Novillo Dam on the Yaqui River and conveys it to the city of Hermosillo for housing and industry, and away from Mexican and Yaqui indigenous farmers in the southern part of the state. The paper is based on close observation of water politics in the northern state of Sonora, Mexico, over the last decade in my roles both as a water policy scholar and as a columnist for the state’s major newspaper. The ideas expressed here are not the result of a formal research project but rather are my reflections and observations of who stands to “win” and “lose” in the conflict over the recently completed Independence Aqueduct, taking to heart Ingram’s thesis that policies are “social constructions” aimed at specific target populations. The opinions and roles assigned to the different groups are ideas of the author. However, this is not a detailed account of the evolution of the conflict. The methods employed to collect information are semiparticipant observation, analysis of press notes, and a few interviews with

中文翻译：

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谁在墨西哥索诺拉的独立渡槽中得到了什么

海伦英格拉姆是民主倡导者。她的学术作品旨在加强民主参与，以建立一个更加平等的社会。对于墨西哥来说，这个目的尤其重要，因为民主仍在建设中，不平等现象十分猖獗。英格拉姆的分析模型对于解决墨西哥结构性偏见和家长式的附庸主义，以及把握墨西哥政客的腐败问题和有罪不罚问题至关重要。受 Helen Ingram 工作的启发，本文试图应用她的方法来分析索诺兰政府在 2010 年至 2015 年间建造和运营独立渡槽的决定。渡槽构成了从亚基河上的埃尔诺维洛大坝的主要水源输送，并将其输送到埃莫西约市用于住房和工业，远离该州南部的墨西哥和亚基土著农民。这篇论文基于对墨西哥北部索诺拉州水政治的密切观察，在过去十年中，我作为水政策学者和该州主要报纸的专栏作家。这里表达的想法不是正式研究项目的结果，而是我对谁在最近完成的独立渡槽的冲突中“赢”和“输”的反思和观察，并牢记英格拉姆的论点，即政策是“社会建设”针对特定的目标人群。分配给不同组的意见和角色是作者的想法。然而，这并不是对冲突演变的详细说明。